Jumat, 04 April 2008

Perseorangan dalam Pilkada Siap Bertarung


Realisasi putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 05/PUU-V/2007 tentang Putusan Calon Independen dalam Pilkada tertanggal 5 maret 2007 yang diperbaiki kembali pada tanggal 13 maret 2007 oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia akhirnya menemukan harapan yang cerah. Pasalnya, pengaruh dari putusan ini memberikan landasan yuridis, filosofis, dan sosiologis bagi revisi UU No. 32 Thun 2004 yang telah di gedok DPR pada tanggal 1 April lalu yang mengakomodir calon perorangan dalam pilkada.

Meskipun dalam pelaksanaan kententuan ini masih memerlukan energi besar karena harus merevisi PP No. 6 Tahun 2005 dan kerja keras KPU untuk membuat petunjuk pelaksanaan dan atau petunjuk teknis, namun persetujuan DPR sah memberikan babak baru bagi pemajuan kehidupan demokrasi di Indonesia.

Harapan itu bukan sekadar bahwa demokrasi baru ini memberikan ruang yang cukup untuk mempromosikan kebebasan sipil (civil liberties), hak-hak politik (political rights) dan hak asasi manusia (humanity rights) individu tanpa partai politik, tapi juga akan membawa perkembangan peningkatan kesejahteraan politik masyarakat melalui komunikasi yang terjalin baik antara pemilih dengan para calon pemimpin perorangannya. Syarat dukungan bagi calon independen yang berkisar 3-6,5 persen mengharuskan adanya komunikasi langsung antara kandidat dengan khalayak pemilih. Aktivitas persuasif pun dilakukan kandidat untuk memperoleh dukungan, bagaimana masyarakat bersimpatik untuk memberikan dukungannya. Di sinilah terjalin komunikasi yang menguji kualitas calon perorangan tersebut dalam berkomunikasi dengan rakyat pemilih. Dapat dipastikan calon yang berkompeten ialah mereka yang memiliki popularitas dan citra baik serta mampu mengakomodir harapan, kebutuhan, dan aspirasi rakyat secara langsung.

Dengan terbitnya regulasi calon perorangan tidak hanya menandakan ihktikat baik pemangku kebijakan yang melihat bahwa keadilan (fairness) individual penting nilainya. Akan tetapi lebih daripada itu, terselenggaranya tatanan kehidupan hukum yang baik melalui lembaga pemangku kebijakan yang sadar memiliki legitimasi dan kompetensi yang di jalankan dengan baik. Putusan Mahkamah Agung atas ajuan judicial review menetapkan calon incumbent wajib hukumnya untuk mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya, juga di akomodir dan disahkan oleh pemangku kebijakan dalam revisi UU tersebut. Kita masih tetap berharap bahwa legitimasi dan kompetensi ini membentuk kondisi penyelenggaraan kehidupan hukum yang otonom.

Pada tahap itu, urusan utama hukum adalah mempertegas otoritas peraturan dan keputusan dan bukan untuk memastikan bahwa institusi-institusinya memiliki kemauan dan kompetensi untuk melaksanakan mandatnya. Kendatipun dirasa terlambat, karena keputusan calon independen dan kewajiban mengundurkan diri dari jabatan bagi in cumbent sudah di tetapkan tahun lalu, namun baru sekarang keputusan ini di tindak lanjuti konkret oleh pemangku kebijakan. Ke depan, pemangku kebijakan harus lebih progresif dalam menentukan aksi reformasi di bidang hukum ini.

Problem implementasi

Pelaksanaan kententuan baru ini tentunya tak bisa berjalan semulus yang kita bayangkan. Kendala-kendala subtansial sampai pada teknis operasional mewarnai pelaksanaan kententuan ini. Bisa di bayangkan saja untuk mencalonkan diri seorang harus memenuhi persyaratan yang di mulai dari tingginya popularitas sebagai modal awal sampai pada pengumpulan KTP pendukung bukanlah suatu pekerjaan yang mudah. Belum lagi penerimaan masyarakat terhadap calon perorangan belum tentu ekuvalen atau sejalan dengan penerimaan mereka terhadap persyaratan teknisnya. Membutuhkan partisipasi dan pendidikan politik masyarakat yang cukup untuk bersama-sama mewarnai proses politik pilkada yang di ramaikan oleh kehadiran calon perorangan.

Disamping partisipasi dan pendidikan politik masyarakat, suatu hal yang cukup sentral, terdapat beberapa problem implementasi bagi pelaksanaan calon perorangan. Pertama,pengeluaran energi yang relatif besar baik biaya atau waktu. Di satu sisi biaya dan waktu habis dari kandidat untuk mencalonkan diri untuk mengumpulkan dukungan dan memenuhi persyaratan lainnya. Di saat yang bersamaan ini, KPU memerlukan enegri dalam porsi besar untuk memeriksa perlengkapan calon perseorangan. Tentunya pemeriksaan berkas dan persyaratan calon dari partai jauh lebih mudah ketimbang memeriksa berkas dan persyaratan calon dari perorangan.

Kedua, di mungkinkan adanya konflik politik antargolongan non partai. Kemungkinan besar kelompok atau komunitas sosial memiliki peran untuk mengajukan perorangan. Kelompok atau komunitas social ini dulunya tidak terlibat secara langsung dalam aktivitas politik praktis, karena harus lewat jalur partai untuk berpolitik praktis, namun dengan adanya calon perorangan kelompok atau komunitas social ini bisa langsung mengajukan calon perorangan. Benturan kepentingan antarkelompok atau komunitas sosial tak bisa terhindarkan lagi.

Ketiga, kredibilitas dan kualitas calon perorangan tak ada yang bertanggung jawab secara institusional dalam konteks etis. Kredibilitas dan kualitas calon dari partai, cukup logis di tujukan pada partai pengusung. Kita saja menyalahkan partai apabila mengajukan kader yang kurang kompetitif. Namun bagi calon perorangan, tanggung jawab hanya pada individu tersebut.

Keempat, kemitraan dengan DPRD bagi calon peorangan yang memenangi pilkada masih dipertanyakan. Tak bisa di bayangkan manakala calon perorangan menang akan berhadapan dengan DPRD –wakil dari partai. Problem awal muncul masa pelantikan yang di laksanakan pada rapat paripurna DPRD. Belum lagi perumusan APBD dan pelaksanaan program-program pemerintah yang sulit sekali untuk berjalan secara sinergis nantinya.

Awaludin Marwan, SH

DIrektur Eksekutif Democracy Watch Organization (DEWA ORGA)

Jawa Tengah

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maaf, bisa minta kontak dewa orga?
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